6.0 MOVEMENT OF TRAINS AND ENGINES

6.1 Repeat Instructions

An employee who verbally receives instructions or information about train or engine movements must repeat them.

6.2 Initiating Movement

Before initiating movement on a main track, a crew member must:

• Receive a track warrant.

   

  or

• Determine from the train dispatcher or yardmaster if any track bulletins are needed.

6.3 Main Track Authorization

Do not occupy main tracks unless authorized by one of the following:

• Rule 6.13 (Yard Limits)
• Rule 6.14 (Restricted Limits)
• Rule 6.15 (Block Register Territory)
• Rule 9.14 (Movement with the Current of Traffic)
• Rule 9.15 (Track Permits)
• Rule 10.1 (Authority to Enter CTC Limits)
• Rule 14.1 (Authority to Enter TWC Limits)
• Rule 14.6 (Movement Against the Current of Traffic)
• Rule 15.3 (Authorizing Movement Against the Current of Traffic)
• Rule 16.1 (Authority to Enter DTC Limits)
• At manual interlockings, verbal authority from the control operator or a controlled signal that indicates proceed
• Special instructions or general order

When unable to obtain authority and it is necessary to foul or occupy a main track, protection must be provided in both directions as outlined under Rule 6.19 (Flag Protection).

6.4 Reverse Movements

6.4.1 Permission for Reverse Movements

Obtain permission from the train dispatcher or control operator before making a reverse movement, unless the movement is within the same block in any of the following territories:

• CTC
• Signaled TWC

   

  or

• Rule 9.14 (Movement with the Current of Traffic)

6.4.2 Movements Within Control Points or lnterlockings A. Control Points or Manual Interlockings

If movement stops while the trailing end of the train is between the outer opposing absolute signals of a control point or manual interlocking, the movement must not change direction without permission from the control operator.

B. Automatic Interlockings

At an automatic interlocking, the train movement may change direction within the limits of the interlocking if it continuously occupies at least one car length of the limits.

6.5 Handling Cars Ahead of Engine

When cars or engines are shoved and conditions require, a crew member must take an easily seen position on the leading car or engine, or be ahead of the movement, to provide protection. Cars or engines must not be shoved to block other tracks until it is safe to do so.

When cars are shoved on a main track or controlled siding in the direction authorized, movement must not exceed:

• 20 MPH for freight trains
• 30 MPH for passenger trains
• Maximum speed for snow service

6.6 Picking Up Crew Member

A train may back up on a main track to pick up a crew member under the following conditions:

1. The train dispatcher gives permission to make the movement and verifies the following:

   a. Another authority is not in effect within the same or overlapping limits.

   b. A track bulletin Form B is not in effect within the same or overlapping limits.

   c. A main track is not removed from service by a track bulletin within the same or overlapping limits.

2. Movement is limited to the train's authority.
3. Movement does not enter or foul a private or public crossing except as provided by Rule 6.32.1 (Cars Shoved, Kicked, or Dropped).
4. Movement will not be made into or within yard limits or interlocking limits.
5. Movement does not exceed the train's length.
6. Movement does not exceed 5 MPH.

When movement is made under these conditions, restricted speed does not apply.

6.7 Instructions to Clear a Following Train

If the train dispatcher instructs a train within block system limits to clear a following train, the train must be in the clear before the following train could receive a restrictive signal indication.

Determine the location of the following train by radio or other means of communication.

6.8 Stopping Clear for Meeting or Passing

A train that may be met or passed must stop at least 400 feet from the signal or clearance point of the facing point switch the other train will pass over, if length of train permits.

6.9 Meeting or Passing Precautions

A train required to take siding must stop clear of the switch, unless the switch is properly lined to leave the main track.

A train standing on the main track to meet an opposing train must, if possible, line the switch for the opposing train to leave the main track. However, within ABS, do not line the switch until the opposing train has entered the block in advance.

6.10 Calling Attention to Restrictions

The conductor must remind the engineer that the train is approaching an area restricted by:

• Limits of authority
• Track warrant

   

  or

• Track bulletin

The conductor must inform the engineer after the train passes the last station, but at least 2 miles from the restriction.

If the engineer fails to comply with the restriction, the conductor must stop the train.

6.11 Spacing Trains

In non-signaled territory, a train must not follow another train that has passed or been overtaken until 10 minutes after the train has departed.

6.12 FRA Excepted Track

On a track designated as "FRA Excepted Track" the following will govern:

• Maximum speed must not exceed 10 MPH.
• No revenue passenger train will be operated.
• No train will be operated that contains more than five cars placarded according to Hazardous Material Regulations.

6.13 Yard Limits

Within yard limits, trains or engines are authorized to use the main track not protecting against other trains or engines. Engines must give way as soon as possible to trains as they approach.

All movements entering or moving within yard limits must be made at restricted speed unless operating under a block signal indication that is more favorable than Approach.

Upon observing or having advance knowledge that a block signal may require restricted speed due to yard limits, if entering or within yard limits, the movement must be at restricted speed at that block signal, or as soon as possible thereafter, consistent with good train handling.

Yard limits remain in effect continuously unless otherwise specified by special instructions or track bulletin.

Against the Current of Traffic

Movements against the current of traffic must not be made unless authorized or protected by track warrant, track bulletin, yardmaster, or other authorized employee.

In CTC Territory

Where yard limits are in effect in CTC territory, the control operator must authorize any movement on the main track. Reverse movements within the same block may be made as outlined in Rule 6.4.1 (Permission for Reverse Movements).

6.14 Restricted Limits

Between designated points specified by signs and in the special instructions, trains and engines may use the main track not protecting against other trains or engines. All movement must be at restricted speed. Movements against the current of traffic must not be made unless authorized or protected by track warrant, track bulletin, yardmaster, or other authorized employee.

6.15 Block Register Territory

Block register territory will be designated in the special instructions. A register labeled "Block Register Territory" will apply only on that designated territory. A train or operator in charge of men or equipment is authorized to occupy block register territory under the following conditions:

• The following information is in the register on the first blank line:

COLUMN	         REQUIRED ENTRY
A -	Enter the train, gang, or equipment identification.
B -	Enter last name of conductor or employee in charge of men or
equipment.
C -	Enter current date.
D -	Enter time entry is made in register.
E -	Enter time the territory was cleared.  Then, draw a line through
the entire entry.
        The required exit entry may be completed by any authorized
employee.

• If the territory is occupied by a preceding train, movement entry cannot be made on the register until the engineer of each preceding movement has been contacted and advised that the territory will be jointly occupied. When the territory is jointly occupied by a train, men or equipment, and/or another train, all train movements must be at restricted speed.

6.16 Approaching Railroad Crossings, Drawbridges, and End of Multiple Main Track

Trains and engines must be prepared to stop when they approach railroad crossings at grade, drawbridges, and the end of multiple main track, unless these areas are protected by block or interlocking signals.

Protected by Stop Signs

If stop signs protect these areas, the train must stop before any part of the train or engine passes the stop sign. The train cannot proceed until the route is clear or drawbridge position permits movement.

Protected by Gate

If a gate is lined against the intended route, trains and engines must stop and remain at least 50 feet from fouling the track on the conflicting route until the gate is changed to the stop position on the conflicting route.

Where required, restore gate to its normal position after movement is complete.

Obscured View of Conflicting Route

If a train must stop before entering a railroad crossing at grade and the view on the conflicting route is obscured, a crew member must go ahead of the train and signal from the crossing when it is safe to proceed.

6.17 Switches at Junctions

The normal position for a junction switch is for through movement on the main track where the junction is an intermediate station.

6.18 Stopping Clear of Crossings and Junctions

At a railroad crossing or junction, a train or engine must not stop, if possible, where it could interfere with train movement on the other track.

6.19 Flag Protection

A. Flag Protection Not Required

Flag protection is not required against following trains on the same track if:

• Train is within ABS limits and the rear of the train is protected by at least two block signals or one block signal and one distant signal.
• Rear of the train is within BRT, CTC, DTC, or interlocking limits.
• Track warrant, general order, or special instructions specify that flag protection is not required.

   

  or

• Rule 6.13 (Yard Limits) or 6.14 (Restricted Limits) is in effect.

B. More than Half the Maximum Timetable Speed

When a train is moving on a main track at or more than half the maximum authorized timetable speed for any train at that location, and the train may be overtaken by a following train, a flagman must decide whether to drop lighted fusees by considering the following:

• Grade of the track
• Curvature of the track
• Weather conditions
• Sight distance
• Speed of the train relative to a following train

C. Less than Half the Maximum Timetable Speed

When a train is moving on a main track at less than half the maximum authorized timetable speed for any train at that location, a flagman must provide flag protection against following trains on the same track. The flagman must drop off single lighted fusees at close enough intervals to ensure full protection and not exceed the burning time of the fusee.

D. Stopped on a Main Track

When a train stops on a main track, and flag protection must be provided against following trains, a flagman must immediately go back at least the distance prescribed by the special instructions or other instructions for that territory. When reaching the correct distance, the flagman must place torpedoes on the rails, leave one lighted fusee, and may then return half the distance to the train and must remain there until he stops a following train or is recalled.

If the flagman is recalled and safety will permit, the flagman must leave a lighted fusee and return to the train. If recalled before reaching the prescribed distance, the flagman must place torpedoes on the rails and leave a lighted fusee. While returning to the train, the flagman must also place single lighted fusees at intervals shorter than the burning time of the fusee.

When the train departs, a crew member must leave one lighted fusee. In addition, until the train is moving at least half the maximum authorized timetable speed for any train at that location, a crew member must drop off single lighted fusees at intervals shorter than the burning time of the fusee.

E. Opposing Movements

When required, a flagman must protect the front of the train from opposing movements by immediately going ahead of the train at least the distance prescribed by the special instructions for that territory. When reaching the correct distance, the flagman must place torpedoes, light a fusee, and remain at that location until recalled.

F. Before Reaching Prescribed Distance

If the flagman hears or sees a train approaching before reaching the prescribed distance, the flagman must immediately place torpedoes, continue toward the approaching train, and give stop signals.

G. Responsibility for Protection

A flagman must not permit other duties to interfere with the protection of the train. The conductor and engineer are responsible for ensuring that any needed flag protection is provided for their train.

When a train requires protection, the engineer must signal a flagman immediately to provide protection. Crew members who cannot hear these signals are still responsible for protecting the train.

6.19.1 Protection Entering Main Track

In non-signaled territory, unless otherwise relieved of flag protection, a crew member must provide flag protection against a following train before the train moves out of a siding or other track and fouls a main track.

6.19.2 Protection of On-Track Equipment

Do not depend on rail detectors and on-track equipment, other than engines or cars, to actuate block signals, interlocking signals, or highway crossing signals or to be under the protection of such signals. Provide flag protection when required.

6.19.3 Acknowledgment of Flagging

When flagged, the engineer must acknowledge stop signals promptly. The flagman must continue giving stop signals until the engineer acknowledges them and reacts to them. After stopping, the engineer must be told why the train was flagged and act accordingly.

6.19.4 Crossing Over or Fouling Main Track

Except where Rule 6.13 (Yard Limits) or Rule 6.14 (Restricted Limits) is in effect, a train must receive permission from the train dispatcher before crossing over to or obstructing another main track signaled for movement in one direction. Flag protection must be provided against movements against the current of traffic, unless the train dispatcher advises that no movements have been or will be authorized. Crew members who receive this advice must notify the train dispatcher when their movement is clear of the other main track.

6.19.5 Protection in ABS by Lining Switch

When a train or engine is within ABS limits and requires flag protection, the protection may be provided by lining and locking a main track switch against movement at or beyond the point where the train or engine will stop movement or clear the main track.

If the switch is located within a block other than the one occupied, do not make movements under this protection until 5 minutes after the switch has been lined. Also, make sure no train or engine is between the switch and the train or engine being protected or is within or closely approaching the block where the switch is located.

6.19.6 Protection of Equipment Left on Main Track

Crews that leave equipment on the main track do not need to provide flag protection for the equipment if the train dispatcher gives verbal relief.

The train dispatcher must know that protection is provided. All crews that use the main track at that point must be notified of the equipment location and must move at restricted speed when approaching the location.

6.20 Portion of Train Left on Main Track

When necessary to leave a portion of a train temporarily on the main track, follow this procedure:

• Set a sufficient number of hand brakes to keep the detached portion from moving.
• Place a torpedo 1/4 mile in front of the detached portion to warn returning crew members.
• Provide protection against movements that may enter the main track between the detached portion and the returning front portion unless:
  • The train dispatcher verbally relieves the protection.

     

    or

  • The return movement is otherwise authorized.

6.21 Precautions Against Unusual Conditions

Protect trains and engines against any known condition that may interfere with their safety.

When conditions restrict visibility, regulate speed to ensure that crew members can observe and comply with signal indications.

In unusually heavy rain, storm, or high water, trains and engines must approach bridges, culverts, and other potentially hazardous points prepared to stop. If they cannot proceed safely, they must stop until it is safe to resume movement.

Advise the train dispatcher of such conditions by the first available means of communication.

6.21.1 Protection Against Defects

If any defect or condition that might cause an accident is discovered on tracks, bridges, or culverts, or if any crew member believes that the train or engine has passed over a dangerous defect, the crew member must immediately notify the train dispatcher and provide protection if necessary.

6.21.2 Water Above Rail

Do not operate trains and engines over tracks submerged in water until the track has been inspected and verified as safe.

Operate engines at 5 MPH or less when water is above the top of the rail. If water is more than 3 inches above the top of the rail, a mechanical department supervisor must authorize the movement.

6.22 Maintaining Control of Train or Engine

Crew members must consider train or engine speed, grade conditions, and air gauge indications to determine that the train or engine is being handled safely and is under control. If necessary, take immediate action to bring the train or engine under control.

6.23 Emergency Stop or Severe Slack Action

When a train or engine is stopped by an emergency application of the brakes or severe slack action occurs while stopping, take the following actions:

Obstruction of Main Track or Controlled Siding

• If an adjacent main track or controlled siding may be obstructed, immediately warn other trains by radio, stating the exact location and status of the train. Provide flag protection in both directions on these tracks. Provide flag protection for other affected railroads by going at least 2 miles in each direction if flagging distance is not known.

When only one flagman is available, provide protection immediately in the direction the first train is expected. After necessary protection is provided, provide protection in the opposite direction. Recall the flagman:

• When adjacent tracks are not obstructed.

   

  or

• When the train dispatcher or control operator advises the crew that protection is provided on adjacent tracks.

Inspection of Cars and Units

• All cars, units, equipment, and track must be inspected as outlined in the:
  • Special instructions
  • Air brake and train handling rules

Train on Adjacent Track

A train on an adjacent track that receives radio notification must approach the location at restricted speed. The train must stop short of any obstruction or flagman unless advised that the track is clear and it is safe to proceed.

6.24 Movement on Double Track

On double track, trains must keep to the right unless otherwise instructed.

6.25 Movement Against the Current of Traffic

Movements against the current of traffic must be authorized by track bulletin or track warrant, except as provided by:

• Rule 6.13 (Yard Limits)
• Rule 6.14 (Restricted Limits)
• Rule 9.15 (Track Permits)

   

  or

• Rule 16.1 (Authority to Enter DTC Limits)

Trains and engines moving against the current of traffic must approach block signals, interlocking signals, or facing point spring switches prepared to stop unless:

• The track is clear.
• Switches are properly lined.
• Signals indicate proceed.

However, this will not apply at a spring switch outside of interlocking limits, if the train dispatcher has advised the crew that the switch is spiked in the normal position.

6.26 Use of Multiple Main Tracks

Multiple main tracks will be designated by name or number. When necessary, track use will be indicated in the special instructions.

6.27 Movement at Restricted Speed

When a train or engine is required to move at restricted speed, movement must be made at a speed that allows stopping within half the range of vision short of:

• Train
• Engine
• Railroad car
• Men or equipment fouling the track
• Stop signal

   

  or

• Derail or switch lined improperly

The crew must keep a lookout for broken rail and not exceed 20 MPH.

Comply with these requirements until the leading wheels reach a point where movement at restricted speed is no longer required.

6.28 Movement on Other than Main Track

Except when moving on a main track or on a track where a block system is in effect, trains or engines must move at a speed that allows them to stop within half the range of vision short of:

• Train
• Engine
• Railroad car
• Men or equipment fouling the track
• Stop signal

   

  or

• Derail or switch lined improperly

6.28.1 Sidings of Assigned Direction

Do not use sidings of an assigned direction in the opposite direction unless authorized by the train dispatcher.

6.28.2 Stopping Clear in Siding

When possible, a train entering a siding must not stop until the entire train is clear of the main track.

6.28.3 Cars or Equipment Left on Siding

Avoid leaving cars or equipment on sidings unless authorized by the train dispatcher, except in an emergency. In this case, notify the train dispatcher immediately.

6.29 Inspecting Trains

6.29.1 Inspecting Passing Trains

Employees must inspect passing trains. If they detect any of the following conditions, they must notify crew members on the passing train by any available means:

• Overheated journals
• Sticking brakes
• Sliding wheels
• Wheels not properly positioned on the rail
• Dragging equipment
• Insecure contents
• Signs of smoke or fire
• Headlight or marker improperly displayed
• Any other dangerous condition

When possible, employees inspecting the passing train must advise crew members of the condition of their train.

When possible, a crew member on the engine of the train being inspected must notify a crew member on the rear of the train when the train is being inspected by other employees.

Ground Inspections

When a train stops to let another train meet or pass it, trainmen on the head end must inspect the passing train from the ground. If safe to do so, a crew member must cross the track and inspect the side of the passing train opposite the stopped train.

Trackside Warning Detectors and Inspections

Crew members must be aware of trackside warning detectors and signals from persons inspecting their train. If they receive a stop signal, the trackside warning detector indicates failed equipment. Or, if they detect a dangerous condition, the train must be stopped immediately for an inspection. Movement must not proceed until it is safe,

6.29.2 Train Inspections by Crew Members

When a walking inspection of the train is required, and physical characteristics prevent a complete train inspection, inspect as much of the train as possible. The train may then be moved, but may not exceed 5 MPH for the distance necessary to complete the inspection.

While their train is moving, crew members must inspect it frequently and look for indications of defects in the train, especially when rounding curves.

When inspecting their train, crew members must observe the train closely for any of the following:

• Overheated journals
• Sticking brakes
• Sliding wheels
• Wheels not properly positioned on the rail
• Dragging equipment
• Insecure contents
• Signs of smoke or fire
• Any other dangerous condition

Crew members who discover defects while the train is moving must stop the train promptly and correct any defects, if possible. If the defective car must be set out, they must not attempt to move the car to the setout point unless it is safe to do so.

When a car is set out because of an overheated journal, any fire must be completely extinguished and precautions taken to prevent further ignition.

6.30 Receiving or Discharging Passengers

When a passenger train is receiving or discharging traffic, a train, engine, or piece of equipment must not pass between it and the station platform being used unless safeguards are provided.

6.31 Maximum Authorized Speed

Conductors and engineers are jointly responsible for knowing and not exceeding the maximum authorized I speed for their train. Passenger speed is applicable only to trains consisting entirely of passenger equipment. When possible, crew members must notify the train dispatcher promptly of any condition that will delay or prevent their train from making the usual speed.

6.32 Road Crossings

6.32.1 Cars Shoved, Kicked, or Dropped

When cars are shoved, kicked, or dropped over road crossings at grade, a crew member must be on the ground at the crossing to warn traffic until the crossing is occupied. Make any movement over the crossing only on the crew member's signal.

Such warning is not required when:

• Crossing gates are in the fully lowered position.

   

  or

• It is clearly seen that no traffic is approaching or stopped at the crossing.

6.32.2 Automatic Crossing Devices

Under any of the following conditions, a movement must not foul a crossing equipped with automatic warning devices until the device has been operating long enough to provide warning and the crossing gates, if equipped, are fully lowered:

• Movement has been delayed or stopped within 3,000 feet of the crossing.
• Movement is closely following another movement.

   

  or

• Movement is on other than the main track or siding.

Crew members must observe all automatic crossing warning devices and report any that are not operating properly to the train dispatcher or proper authority by first available means of communication. When a train has been notified that automatic warning devices are not operating properly, the train must not occupy the crossing until vehicular traffic is clear of the crossing.

6.32.3 Protection of Adjacent Tracks

If a train or cut of cars is parted to clear a road crossing or is standing near the crossing, when possible, an employee must be on the ground to warn traffic against trains or engines approaching on adjacent tracks.

6.32.4 Clear of Crossings and Signal Circuits

Leave cars, engines, or equipment clear of road crossings and crossing signal circuits.

If possible, avoid leaving cars, engines, or equipment standing closer than 250 feet from the road crossing when there is an adjacent track.

6.32.5 Actuating Automatic Crossing Signals Unnecessarily

Avoid actuating automatic crossing signals unnecessarily by leaving switches open or permitting equipment to stand within the controlling circuit. If this cannot be avoided and if the signals are equipped for manual operation, a crew member must manually operate the signal for movement of traffic. A crew member must restore signals to automatic operation before a train or engine occupies the crossing or before it leaves the crossing.

6.32.6 Blocking Public Crossings

If possible, a standing train or switching movement must avoid blocking a public crossing longer than 10 minutes.